The Eternal Essence of Dharma in Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata: A Tapestry of Virtue and Duty

Abstract

Dharma, the timeless principle of righteousness, duty, and cosmic order, forms the heartbeat of the Indian epics, Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata. These monumental texts weave intricate narratives that illuminate dharma’s multifaceted nature, portraying it as a guiding light for individuals, societies, and the cosmos. This article explores dharma’s portrayal in Rāmāyaṇa, where it manifests through Śrī Rāma’s unwavering adherence to sanātana dharma, and in Mahābhārata, where it unfolds as a complex interplay of svadharma and universal compassion. By analyzing key episodes, characters, and philosophical discourses, the study reveals how dharma shapes moral choices, social structures, and spiritual aspirations. The article underscores dharma’s enduring relevance, offering insights into its role as a unifying force in navigating life’s ethical dilemmas.